ILD Nutrition Manual: General Guidelines for Eating Healthy
Achieve and maintain a healthy body mass index (BMI). 将体重指数控制在20到30之间. Maintaining a healthy weight is important for people with lung disease. Excess weight can increase shortness of breath and puts a strain on your heart, while being underweight can decrease your energy level and make you more susceptible to infection.
Eat a balanced diet with plenty of protein, fresh fruits and 蔬菜. 蛋白质是身体的基石. You need protein to aid healing and to reduce muscle loss. 请参阅我们的 high-protein foods and tips for increasing protein in your diet. Carbohydrates should come from fresh fruits and 蔬菜, 而不是加工, 高糖或淀粉类食物, which contain more calories and fewer nutrients.
Eat several small meals of high nutritional value. Eating a large meal can leave you feeling too full and can restrict your lungs from fully inflating, 使呼吸更加困难. Eating three smaller meals and three snacks a day makes the stomach less full, leaving more room for your lungs to expand. Make every calorie you eat beneficial to your body.
早点吃正餐 so you'll have more energy throughout the day.
If you wear oxygen, be sure to use it during meals. The body requires lots of oxygen for eating and digestion.
限制钠摄入量. Sodium can cause fluid retention, which may interfere with breathing. You should especially watch your sodium consumption if you're taking prednisone or if you have high blood pressure or heart problems. Try to get no more than 2,400 mg of sodium per day.
继续阅读
钠含量特别高的食物包括:
Table salt, the most common source of sodium in our diets. One teaspoon of table salt contains 2,000 mg of sodium.
加工食品，如:
- 凤尾鱼和沙丁鱼
- 薯片、饼干、椒盐脆饼和坚果
- 冷冻食品
- 番茄酱
- Luncheon meats, ham, hot dogs, bacon, sausage and salt pork
- 许多面包和烘焙食品
- Many canned foods such as soups, 蔬菜, pork and beans and tomato products
- 许多谷物
- 味精(味精)
- 芥末
- 酱油
- 牛排酱
钠也自然存在于食物中. 无盐, 未加工的食物，如新鲜水果, 蔬菜, meats and rice often have small amounts of sodium. Most foods in your diet should be unsalted and unprocessed.
在饮食中加入纤维. Fiber aids the digestion process and bowel function and should be incorporated into your daily meals. Fiber is found in whole wheat, oat and bran products, fruits and 蔬菜 and beans. The only problem with some high-fiber foods is the excess gas they may produce, 哪些会加重呼吸短促.
避免吃会导致胀气的食物. If the foods on this list bother you, eat less of them:
- 苹果(生)
- 芦笋
- 豆子(黑豆、芸豆、黑豆、海军蓝)
- 西兰花
- 布鲁塞尔豆芽
- 卷心菜
- 碳酸饮料
- 菜花
- 玉米
- 黄瓜
- 西瓜
- 洋葱(生)
- 豌豆(劈开，黑眼)
- 辣椒
- 干椒
- 萝卜
- 芜菁甘蓝
- 萝卜
限制含咖啡因饮料. Caffeine can interfere with some medications and can cause restlessness or nervousness.
限制酒精. Alcohol interferes with a good night's rest.
If you have acid reflux, limit foods that increase acidity in the stomach. 辛辣的食物, caffeine and alcohol can increase stomach acidity and should be limited if you have acid reflux. Avoid lying down for two hours after eating.
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ILD营养手册索引:
- ILD Nutrition Manual: General Guidelines for Eating Healthy
- ILD营养手册:体重指数
- ILD Nutrition Manual: Increasing Protein in Your Diet
- ILD Nutrition Manual: Tips for Gaining Weight
- ILD Nutrition Manual: High-Calorie, High-Protein Sample Menu
- ILD Nutrition Manual: High-Calorie Shakes and Smoothies
- ILD Nutrition Manual: Tips for Losing Weight
- ILD Nutrition Manual: Plate Method for Healthy Meal Planning
- ILD Nutrition Manual: Prednisone and Weight Gain
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
