心阀疾病

Overview

什么是心脏瓣膜病?

There are four valves in your heart, the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral and aortic. These valves are responsible for keeping blood moving in the right direction: They open and close to regulate blood flow into and away from the heart.

心脏瓣膜疾病, 也叫瓣膜性心脏病, 这些阀门中的一个或多个不能正常打开或关闭. This can affect how blood flows through the heart and to the rest of the body.

我们治疗心脏瓣膜疾病的方法

加州大学旧金山分校心脏瓣膜病门诊 brings together highly skilled and experienced interventional cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons specializing in valvular heart disease. They thoroughly evaluate each patient and together decide on the treatment that best meets their needs. 他们推荐的计划可能包括改变生活方式, 药物, 非手术疗法, 微创手术或传统手术.

早期治疗对于瓣膜疾病至关重要. Our surgeons have tremendous success with 二尖瓣 repairs in patients whose disease isn't advanced. We are experts in using valvuloplasty – a minimally invasive technique – to repair heart valves with narrowed openings.

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心脏瓣膜疾病的原因

有些人天生就有心脏瓣膜问题, either because of a defect in the valve itself or as part of another heart condition. 这被称为先天性心脏瓣膜病. 但对于大多数患有心脏瓣膜疾病的人来说, 这个问题随着时间的推移而发展, 有很多促成因素.

心脏瓣膜疾病的危险因素包括:

年龄. 随着年龄的增长，心脏瓣膜会变厚变硬.
细菌性心内膜炎. This is an infection of the heart valves or the heart's inner lining caused by bacteria in the bloodstream.
冠状动脉疾病(CAD). This condition results from a buildup of fatty deposits called plaque narrowing the arteries that supply blood to the heart. CAD can damage the heart valves, particularly if the affected artery is the aorta.
家族病史. If you have a family history of heart problems – often defined as parents who had heart disease before age 55 or siblings who had it before the age of 65 – you're at a higher risk of developing heart valve disease.
心脏病. 心脏瓣膜可能因心脏病发作而受损.
心脏衰竭. 心脏衰竭可能导致瓣膜受损.
高血压. When blood pressure is elevated for long periods, it can put too much pressure on the heart valves.
高血胆固醇. 当血液中某种胆固醇含量过高时, plaque can build up in the arteries and affect valvular function.
超重或肥胖. Being overweight can increase your risk of developing a heart condition that affects the valves.
放射治疗. High doses of radiation can lead to calcium deposits on heart valves.
风湿热. This condition can develop following certain bacterial infections and may scar the heart valves.

心脏瓣膜疾病的类型

心 valve disease is categorized by the type of problem it causes. 这三种类型是:

返流. 心脏瓣膜瓣(最常见的是二尖瓣) don't close properly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart.
狭窄. 当心脏瓣膜瓣变厚时, 僵硬的或粘在一起的, 阀门不能完全打开. As a result, blood can't get through in sufficient quantities. 主动脉瓣狭窄最常见的狭窄类型是什么, affecting the valve that manages flow into the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body (the aorta).
闭锁. This can occur when the heart valve doesn't form properly and there isn't enough room for blood to pass through.

心脏瓣膜病的症状

Some people live their entire lives with a faulty heart valve and don't experience any problems. 当症状出现时，可能包括:

心律失常(心律不齐)
运动时胸痛
头晕或昏厥
体重迅速增加
呼吸急促（气促）
脚、脚踝、腹部或颈部肿胀
疲劳(感到疲惫或持续缺乏能量)

心脏瓣膜疾病的诊断

Your doctor will check for heart valve disease by listening to your heart with a stethoscope. Abnormal sounds, such as a murmur or click, can indicate a valve problem. 根据声音的位置, your doctor may know which heart valve is affected and whether the issue is regurgitation, 狭窄或闭锁. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会推荐你去看心脏病专家. 为了确认诊断，你可能会有超声心动图(心脏超声), a test that uses sound waves to create detailed images of the heart.

心脏瓣膜疾病的治疗

Treatment for heart valve disease can relieve strain on the heart and keep symptoms from getting worse. 有一系列的治疗方法. 最佳选择取决于具体问题, 其严重性, and whether it needs to be fixed or can be managed to keep the symptoms in check.

Most heart valve problems can be managed effectively with lifestyle changes, 药物 or surgery.

治疗心脏瓣膜疾病的药物

如果你的心脏瓣膜的问题不严重, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会开一些药物来控制你的症状. 这些可能包括:

Medications to lower high blood pressure, which can strain the heart
控制异常心率的药物
血液稀释剂，防止或分解血凝块
Antibiotics to prevent rheumatic fever or to treat infections that cause heart inflammation

心脏瓣膜疾病的外科手术

Surgery may be the best treatment option, even if symptoms don't appear serious. 手术的类型取决于哪个阀门被损坏, 受影响有多严重, and whether the valve can be repaired or needs to be replaced. The method your doctor recommends will depend on your heart condition and overall health.

心脏瓣膜修复比心脏瓣膜置换术风险小, 所以当修复是可能的, 这是首选的治疗方法.

心脏瓣膜疾病的置换瓣膜

对于主动脉瓣狭窄的患者，UCSF提供经导管主动脉瓣置换术. 这种微创手术使用导管(薄导管), 挠性管), which is threaded through a blood vessel (usually in the groin or chest) to reach the heart so that the doctor can place a new valve inside the damaged one, 恢复健康的血液流动. TAVR比心脏直视手术花费的时间要少得多, 病人恢复得更快, 更少的疼痛和最小的疤痕.