不正常的 子宫 出血

原因

Common reasons for abnormal uterine bleeding include:

• 停止排卵 缺乏 正常月经出血 due to problems with hormone secretion by the ovary. A doctor can usually diagnose anovulation by taking a medical history and performing a physical examination. Blood tests for hormone levels are sometimes helpful. Treatment usually involves medication to correct the hormone imbalance.
• 阴道和宫颈的异常 Infections or other conditions of the vagina and cervix can cause bleeding, though the bleeding is usually light and may be associated with intercourse. Post-menopausal women may have thinning of the vaginal walls, which can lead to light bleeding. 宫颈异常，包括 子宫颈癌，也会引起出血. These conditions can be diagnosed by physical examination and office tests.
• 子宫肌瘤 肌瘤 are non-cancerous (benign) growths that develop within the uterus. Most women with fibroids have no symptoms and don't need treatment. When symptoms occur, women should seek medical attention.
• 子宫内膜息肉 These are benign growths in the uterine lining that can lead to irregular uterine bleeding. 它们可以通过宫腔镜切除, a procedure in which a slender telescope is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterine cavity to allow examination of the cavity and removal of the polyps.
• 子宫内膜癌 In women who have experienced menopause, abnormal bleeding can sometimes be a sign of 子宫内膜癌或子宫内膜癌. This usually can be diagnosed by tests in the office, including an 子宫内膜活检, in which some cells are removed from the endometrius. 子宫内膜癌 can be treated with surgery if diagnosed early.

诊断

A medical history and gynecologic examination are useful in identifying the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. 其他测试可能包括 子宫内膜活检, in which a small amount of tissue is removed from the uterine cavity to assist in making a diagnosis; hormone tests; or 超声波. 子宫镜检查, a procedure during which a tiny "telescope" is placed into the uterine cavity to examine the cavity, 也很有帮助.

治疗

不正常的 bleeding may be treated with hormones such as oral contraceptive pills. Sometimes hysteroscopy is required to remove a polyp or small fibroid.

Heavy bleeding can often be reduced or stopped by endometrial ablation, a procedure in which the uterine lining is removed or destroyed. 有些女性选择 子宫切除术, or removal of the uterus, as the most definitive way of ending abnormal bleeding once and for all.