钠血试验

定义

The sodium blood test measures the concentration of sodium in the blood.

Sodium can also be measured using a 尿检.

选择的名字

Serum sodium; Sodium - serum

如何执行测试

需要血液样本.

如何准备考试

Your health care provider may tell you to temporarily stop taking medicines that may affect the test. 这些包括:

• 抗生素
• 抗抑郁药
• Some high blood pressure medicines
• 锂
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• 水丸(利尿剂)

Do not stop taking any medicine without talking to your provider.

考试的感觉如何

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or slight bruising. 这很快就会消失.

为什么要进行测试

Sodium is a substance that the body needs to work properly. 大多数食物中都含有钠. The most common form of sodium is sodium chloride, which is table salt.

This test is usually done as part of an electrolyte or basic metabolic panel blood test.

Your blood sodium level represents a balance between the sodium and water in the food and drinks you consume and the amount in your urine. A small amount is lost through stool and sweat.

Many things can affect this balance. Your provider may order this test if you:

• Have had a recent injury, surgery, or serious illness
• Consume usually large or small amounts of salt or fluid
• Receive intravenous (IV) fluids
• Take diuretics (water pills) or certain other medicines, including the steroid hormones such as hydrocortisone

正常的结果

The normal range for blood sodium levels is 135 to 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

异常结果意味着什么

An abnormal sodium level can be due to many different conditions.

Higher than normal sodium level is called hypernatremia. 这可能是因为:

• 肾上腺问题，如 库欣综合症 or 高醛甾酮症
• 尿崩症 (type of diabetes in which kidneys are not able to conserve water)
• Increased fluid loss due to excessive sweating, diarrhea, or burns
• Too much salt or sodium bicarbonate in the diet
• 某些药物的使用, 包括糖皮质激素, 泻药, 锂, and medicines such as ibuprofen or naproxen

Lower than normal sodium level is called hyponatremia. 这可能是因为:

• Adrenal glands not making enough of their hormones (艾迪生疾病)
• Buildup in urine of waste product from fat breakdown (ketonuria)
• High blood sugar level (hyperglycemia)
• High blood triglyceride lever (hypertriglyceridemia)
• Increase in total body water seen in those with heart failure, 某些肾脏疾病, 或者肝硬化
• Increased fluid loss from body, vomiting, or diarrhea
• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (antidiuretic hormone is released in abnormal amounts or from an abnormal place in the body)
• Too much of the hormone vasopressin
• Underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism)
• Use of medicines such as diuretics (water pills), 吗啡, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants

风险

There is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:

• 大出血
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

Al-Awqati Q, Radhakrishnan J. 钠和水的失调. 见:高德曼L，库尼KA，编. Goldman-Cecil医学. 27日,艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 102.

哦，MS, brief G, Pincus MR. Evaluation of renal function, water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 15.