盆腔CT扫描

定义

A 计算机断层扫描 of the pelvis is an imaging method that uses x射线 to create cross-sectional pictures of the area between the hip bones. This part of the body is called the pelvic area.

Structures inside and near the pelvis include the bladder, prostate and other male reproductive organs, 女性生殖器官, 淋巴结, 小肠, 结肠, 骨盆骨.

单个CT图像称为切片. The images are stored on a computer, viewed on a monitor, or printed on film. Three-dimensional models of the body area can be created by stacking the slices together.

选择的名字

CAT scan - pelvis; Computed axial tomography scan - pelvis; Computed tomography scan - pelvis; CT scan - pelvis

如何执行测试

You will be asked to lie on a narrow table that slides into the center of the CT scanner.

Once you are inside the scanner, the machine's x-ray beam rotates around you. 你不会看到旋转的x射线束.

You must be still during the exam, because movement causes blurred images. You may be told to hold your breath for short periods of time.

扫描时间不超过10分钟.

如何准备考试

某些检查需要一种特殊的染料. 它被称为造影剂. It has to be delivered into the body before the test starts. The contrast helps certain areas show up better on the x射线.

• Contrast can be given through a vein (IV) in your hand or forearm. Or you may be asked to drink a liquid form of contrast. 如果使用对比, you may also be asked not to eat or drink anything for 4 to 6 hours before the test.
• Let your health care provider know if you have ever had a reaction to contrast. You may need to take medicines before the test in order to safely receive this substance.
• 在接受对比之前, tell your provider if you take the diabetes medicine metformin (Glucophage) because you may need to take extra precautions.

在接受对比之前, tell your provider if you have kidney problems. You may not be able to get IV contrast if this is the case.

If you weigh more than 300 pounds (136 kilograms), find out if the CT machine has a weight limit. Too much weight can damage the scanner's working parts.

You will be asked to remove jewelry and wear a hospital gown during the study.

考试的感觉如何

Some people may have discomfort from lying on the hard table.

静脉注射造影剂可能导致:

• 轻微的灼烧感
• 口中有金属味
• 身体温热潮红

These sensations are normal and most often go away within a few seconds.

为什么要进行测试

CT rapidly creates detailed pictures of the body, including the pelvis and areas near the pelvis. The test may be used to diagnose or detect:

• 骨盆感染
• 肿块或肿瘤，包括癌症
• 骨盆疼痛的原因
• 骨盆受伤

这个测试也可以帮助:

• 在手术中引导外科十大赌博平台排行榜到正确的部位 活组织检查 或者其他程序
• 你的十大赌博平台排行榜的手术计划
• 计划 辐射 癌症治疗

正常的结果

Results are considered normal if the organs of the pelvis that are being examined are normal in appearance.

异常结果意味着什么

异常结果可能是由于:

• 脓肿(脓液聚集)
• 膀胱结石
• 骨折
• 癌症
• 憩室炎

风险

CT扫描的风险包括:

• 暴露在辐射中
• 对造影剂过敏

CT scans do expose you to more 辐射 than regular x射线. Having many x射线 or CT scans over time may increase your risk of cancer. 但任何一次扫描的风险都很小. You and your provider should weigh this risk against the benefits of getting a correct diagnosis for a medical problem.

Some people have allergies to contrast dye. Let your provider know if you have ever had an allergic reaction to injected contrast dye.

• The most common type of contrast given into a vein contains iodine. If a person with an iodine allergy is given this type of contrast, 恶心或呕吐, 打喷嚏, 瘙痒, or 荨麻疹 可能发生.
• If you absolutely must be given such contrast, you may be given antihistamines (such as Benadryl) or steroids before the test.
• The kidneys help remove iodine out of the body. Those with kidney disease or diabetes may need to receive extra fluids after the test to help flush the iodine out of the body.

In rare cases, the dye causes a life-threatening allergic response called 速发型过敏反应. If you have any trouble breathing during the test, you should tell the scanner operator right away. Scanners come with an intercom and speakers, so the operator can hear you at all times.

参考文献

Bishoff JT, rastine AR. Urinary tract imaging: basic principles of CT, MRI, and plain film imaging. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein泌尿外科. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 3.

鲱鱼W. Recognizing the normal abdomen and pelvis: computed tomography. 选自:赫林W，编. 学习放射学:认识基本知识. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 13.

Rischall ML, Puskarich MA. 腹部创伤. In: Walls RM，编辑. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 38.