葡萄糖耐量试验-未怀孕

定义

The glucose tolerance test is a lab test to check how your body moves sugar from the blood into tissues like muscle and fat. 该测试常用于诊断 糖尿病.

怀孕期间筛查糖尿病的测试 是相似的，但做得不同吗.

选择的名字

Oral glucose tolerance test - non-pregnant; OGTT - non-pregnant; Diabetes - glucose tolerance test; Diabetic - glucose tolerance test

如何执行测试

The most common glucose tolerance test is the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

考试开始前, when you have had nothing to eat or drink for at least 8 hours, 将采集一份血样.

You will then be asked to drink a liquid containing a certain amount of glucose (usually 75 grams). Your blood will be taken again every 30 to 60 minutes after you drink the solution.

测试可能需要3个小时.

A similar test is the intravenous (IV) glucose tolerance test (IGTT). It is rarely used, and is never used to diagnose 糖尿病. In one version of the IGTT, glucose is injected into your vein for 3 minutes. Blood insulin levels are measured before the injection, 注射后1分钟和3分钟再注射一次. 时间可能会有所不同. This IGTT is almost always used for research purposes only.

A similar test is used in the diagnosis of growth hormone excess (肢端肥大症) when both glucose and growth hormone are measured after the glucose drink is consumed.

如何准备考试

Make sure you eat normally for several days before the test.

Do not eat or drink anything for at least 8 hours before the test. 考试期间不能吃东西.

Ask your health care provider if any of the medicines you take can affect the test results.

考试的感觉如何

Drinking the glucose solution is similar to drinking very sweet soda.

这种测试的严重副作用非常罕见. 通过血液测试, 有些人会感到恶心, 出汗的, 头昏眼花的, or may even feel short of breath or faint after drinking the glucose. Tell your provider if you have a history of these symptoms related to blood tests or medical procedures.

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. 其他人只感到刺痛或刺痛. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. 这很快就会消失.

为什么要进行测试

葡萄糖是人体用来提供能量的糖. People with untreated 糖尿病 have high blood glucose levels.

Most often, the first tests used to diagnose 糖尿病 in people who are not pregnant are:

• Fasting blood glucose level: 糖尿病 is diagnosed if it is 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher, 在两个不同的测试中, 在人的正常健康状态下做的
• Hemoglobin A1C test: 糖尿病 is diagnosed if the test result is 6.5%或更高

Glucose tolerance tests are also used to diagnose 糖尿病. The OGTT is used to screen for or diagnose 糖尿病 in people with a fasting blood glucose level that is high, but is not high enough (at or above 126 mg/dL or 7 mmol/L) to meet the diagnosis for 糖尿病.

Abnormal glucose tolerance (blood sugar goes too high during the glucose challenge) is an earlier sign of 糖尿病 than an abnormal fasting glucose.

正常的结果

Normal blood values for a 75 gram OGTT used to check for type 2 糖尿病 in those who are not pregnant:

禁食- 60至99毫克/分升(3.3 to 5.5更易/ L)

1小时-低于200毫克/分升(11.1更易/ L)

2 hours -- This value is used to make the diagnosis of 糖尿病.

• 低于140毫克/分升(7.8mmol /L)是正常的
• 从140毫克/分升到199毫克/分升(7.8 to 11.1更易/ L)被认为是葡萄糖耐量受损
• 200毫克/分升(11.1mmol/L)或更高是诊断糖尿病的标准

The examples above are common measurements for results of these tests. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

异常结果意味着什么

A glucose level that is higher than normal may mean you have pre-糖尿病 or 糖尿病:

• 2小时值为140至199毫克/分升(7.8和11.1更易/ L)称为糖耐量受损. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会称之为糖尿病前期. It means you are at increased risk of developing 糖尿病 over time.
• 任何200毫克/分升(11.1mmol /L)或更高用于诊断糖尿病.

对身体造成严重压力, 比如创伤, 中风, 心脏病, 或手术, 能提高你的血糖水平吗. 剧烈运动可以降低你的血糖水平.

Some medicines can raise or lower your blood glucose level. Before having the test, tell your provider about any medicines you are taking.

风险

You may have some of the symptoms listed above under the heading titled "考试的感觉如何."

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 大出血
• 多次穿刺定位静脉
• 昏厥或感到头晕
• 血肿(皮肤下淤血)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 2. Classification and diagnosis of 糖尿病: standards of care in 糖尿病-2024. 糖尿病护理. 16 2024; 47 (5): S20-S42. PMID: 38078589 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 38078589 /.

莫吉卡A，温斯托克RS. 碳水化合物. 见:McPherson RA, Pincus MR，编辑. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 17.

麻袋DB. 糖尿病. In: Rifai N, Chiu RWK, Young I, Burnham CAD, Wittwer CT, eds. Tietz检验医学教科书. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 47.