Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) blood test

定义

The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) blood test measures the level of FSH in blood. FSH is a hormone released by the 脑下垂体, located on the underside of the brain.

选择的名字

Follicle stimulating hormone; 更年期 - FSH; Vaginal bleeding - FSH

如何执行测试

A 需要血液样本.

How to Prepare for the Test

If you are a woman of childbearing age, your health care provider may want you to have the test done on certain days of your menstrual cycle.

考试的感觉如何

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. 这很快就会消失.

为什么要进行测试

In women, FSH helps manage the menstrual cycle and stimulates the ovaries to produce eggs. The test is used to help diagnose or evaluate:

• 更年期
• 女性有 多囊卵巢综合征, 卵巢囊肿
• Abnormal vaginal or menstrual bleeding
• Problems becoming pregnant, or 不孕不育

In men, FSH stimulates production of sperm. The test is used to help diagnose or evaluate:

• Problems becoming pregnant, or 不孕不育
• Men who do not have testicles or whose testicles are underdeveloped

In children, FSH is involved with the development of sexual features. The test is ordered for children:

• Who develop sexual features at a very young age
• Who are delayed in starting puberty

正常的结果

Normal FSH levels will differ, depending on a person's age and sex.

男:

• 青春期前:0到5岁.0 mIU/mL ~ 5.0 IU / L)
• 青春期:0.3 to 10.0 mIU/mL.3 to 10.0 IU / L)
• 成人:1.5 to 12.4 mIU/mL (1.5 to 12.4 IU / L)

女:

• 青春期前:0到4岁.0 mIU/mL ~ 4.0 IU / L)
• 青春期:0.3 to 10.0 mIU/mL.3 to 10.0 IU / L)
• Women who are still menstruating: 4.7 to 21.5 mIU/mL (4.5 to 21.5 IU / L)
• 绝经后:25岁.8 to 134.8 mIU/mL (25.8 to 134.8 IU / L)

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test result.

异常结果意味着什么

High FSH levels in women may be present:

• During or after menopause, including premature menopause
• When receiving hormone therapy
• 由于 certain types of tumor in the 脑下垂体
• 由于 特纳综合征

Low FSH levels in women may be present due to:

• Being very underweight or having had recent rapid weight loss
• Not producing eggs (not ovulating)
• Parts of the brain (the 脑下垂体 or 下丘脑) not producing normal amounts of some or all of its hormones
• 怀孕

High FSH levels in men may mean the testicles are not functioning correctly due to:

• Advancing age (male menopause)
• Damage to testicles caused by alcohol overuse, chemotherapy, or radiation
• Problems with genes, such as Klinefelter综合症
• 激素治疗
• Certain tumors in the 脑下垂体

Low FSH levels in men may mean parts of the brain (the 脑下垂体 or 下丘脑) do not produce normal amounts of some or all of its hormones.

High FSH levels in boys or girls may mean that puberty is about to start.

风险

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 大出血
• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

加里波第LR，化学W. Disorders of pubertal development. In: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 578.

Jeelani R, Bluth MH. Reproductive function and pregnancy. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 26.

洛沃拉. Infertility: etiology, diagnostic evaluation, management, prognosis. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, 洛沃拉, eds. 全面的妇科. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 40.