灌肠

定义

灌肠 is an imaging test of the small intestine. The test looks at how a liquid called contrast material moves through the small intestine.

选择的名字

Small bowel enema; CT enteroclysis; Small bowel follow-through; Barium enteroclysis; MR enteroclysis

如何执行测试

This test is done in a radiology department. Depending on the need, x-ray, CT扫描, or 核磁共振成像 使用成像.

The test involves the following:

• The health care provider inserts a tube through your nose or mouth into your stomach and into the beginning of the small bowel.
• Contrast material and air flow through the tube, and images are taken.

The provider can watch on a monitor as the contrast moves through the bowel.

The goal of the study is to view all of the loops of small bowel. You may be asked to change positions during the exam. The test may last a few hours, because it takes a while for the contrast to move through all of the small bowel.

How to Prepare for the Test

Follow your provider's instructions on how to prepare for the test, which may include:

• Drinking clear liquids for at least 24 hours before the test.
• Not eating or drinking anything for several hours before the test. Your provider will tell you exactly how many hours.
• Taking laxatives to clear the bowels.
• Not taking certain medicines. Your provider will tell you which ones. DO NOT stop taking any medicines on your own. 先询问你的供应商.

If you are anxious about the procedure, you may be given a sedative before it starts. You will be asked to remove all jewelry and wear a hospital gown. It is best to leave jewelry and other valuables at home. You will be asked to remove any removable dental work, such as appliances, bridges, or retainers.

If you are, or think you're pregnant, tell the provider before the test.

考试的感觉如何

The placement of the tube may be uncomfortable. The contrast material may cause a feeling of abdominal fullness.

为什么要进行测试

This test is performed to examine the small bowel. It is one way of telling if the small intestine is normal.

正常的结果

There are no problems seen with the size or shape of the small intestine. Contrast travels through the bowel at a normal rate without any sign of blockage.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Many problems of the small intestine can be found with enteroclysis. 其中包括:

• Inflammation of the small bowel (such as 克罗恩病)
• Small bowel isn't absorbing nutrients normally (吸收不良)
• Narrowing or stricture of the intestine
• 小肠阻塞
• Tumors of the small intestine

风险

The radiation exposure may be greater with this test than with other types of x-rays because of the length of time. But most experts feel that the risk is low compared to the benefits.

Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to the risks of x-ray radiation. Rare complications of enteroclysis include:

• Allergic reactions to medicines prescribed for the test (your provider can tell you which medicines)
• Possible injury to bowel structures during the study

Barium may cause constipation. Tell your provider if the barium has not passed through your system by 2 or 3 days after the test, or if you feel constipated.

参考文献

Al Sarraf AA, McLaughlin PD, Maher MM. The small intestine, mesentery and peritoneal cavity. In: Adam A, Dixon AK, Gillard JH, Schaefer-Prokop CM, eds. 格兰杰 & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 21.

托马斯交流. 小肠成像. In: Sahani DV, Samir AE, eds. 腹部成像. 第二版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 24.