尿钙

定义

This test measures the amount of calcium in the urine. All cells need calcium in order to work. Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth. 它对心脏功能很重要, 并有助于肌肉收缩, 神经信号, 血液凝固.

参见: 血钙

选择的名字

Urinary Ca+2; Kidney stones - calcium in urine; Renal calculi - calcium in your urine; Parathyroid - calcium in urine

如何执行测试

A 24-hour urine sample is most often needed:

• On day 1, urinate into the toilet when you wake up in the morning.
• Collect all urine (in a special container) for the next 24 hours.
• On day 2, urinate into the container in the morning when you wake up.
• 盖上容器盖. Keep it in the refrigerator or a cool place during the collection period. 在容器上贴上你的名字, 的日期, 还有你完成它的时间, 然后按指示归还.

For an infant, thoroughly wash the area where urine exits the body.

• Open a urine collection bag (a plastic bag with an adhesive paper on one end).
• For males, place the entire penis in the bag and attach the adhesive to the skin.
• For females, place the bag over the labia.
• Diaper as usual over the secured bag.

这个过程可能需要尝试几次. An active baby can move the bag, causing urine to go into the diaper. 你可能需要额外的收集袋.

Check the infant often and change the bag after the infant has urinated into it. Drain the urine from the bag into the container provided by your health care provider.

Deliver the sample to the laboratory or to your provider as soon as possible.

如何准备考试

Many medicines can interfere with urine test results.

• Your provider will tell you if you need to stop taking any medicines before you have this test.
• Do not stop or change your medicines without first talking to your provider.

考试的感觉如何

The test involves only normal urination, and there is no discomfort.

为什么要进行测试

Urine calcium 水平 can help your provider:

• Decide on the best treatment for the most common type of 肾结石它是由钙构成的. This type of stone may occur when there is too much calcium in the urine.
• Monitor someone who has an overactive 甲状旁腺, which helps control calcium 水平 in the blood and urine.
• Diagnose the cause of problems with your blood calcium 水平 or bones.

正常的结果

如果你的饮食正常的话, the expected amount of calcium in the urine is 100 to 300 milligrams per day (mg/day) or 2.50 to 7.50 millimoles per 24 hours (mmol/24 hours). If you are eating a diet low in calcium, the amount of calcium in the urine will be 50 to 150 mg/day or 1.25 to 3.75 mmol/24小时.

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

The examples above show the common measurements for results for these tests. Some laboratories use different measurements or may test different specimens.

异常结果意味着什么

A high 水平 of urine calcium (above 300 mg/day) may be due to:

• 慢性肾病
• 高 维生素D 水平
• Leaking of calcium from the kidneys into the urine, which may cause calcium 肾结石s
• 结节病
• Taking too much calcium (usually antacid pills)
• Too much production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the 甲状旁腺s in the neck (hyperparathyroidism)
• Use of loop diuretics (most commonly furosemide, torsemide, or bumetanide)

A low 水平 of urine calcium may be due to:

• Disorders in which the body does not absorb nutrients from food well
• Disorders in which the kidney handles calcium abnormally
• Parathyroid glands in the neck do not produce enough PTH (hypoparathyroidism)
• 使用噻嗪类利尿剂
• 非常低的 维生素D

参考文献

Bringhurst FR, Demay MB, Kronenberg HM. Hormones and disorders of mineral metabolism. In: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. 威廉斯内分泌学教科书. 14日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 29.

张勇，张勇. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism. 见:McPherson RA, Pincus MR，编辑. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 16.

Thakker房车. The 甲状旁腺s, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia. 见:高德曼L，库尼KA，编. Goldman-Cecil医学. 27日,艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 227.